Systems of the Human Body.

 Introduction to the Human Body: Systems of the Human Body.

Introduction:

• Human beings are the most complex of all the living organisms.

• Human body contains many organs which work in an organized manner for an efficient working of the human body.

• The study of human body is divided broadly in two divisions,

• Anatomy

• Physiology.

• Human Anatomy is the branch of science that deals with the study of structures of different body parts.

• Human Physiology is the branch of science that deals with the study of functions of different body parts.

Human Anatomy: Study of Structure.

Human Physiology: Study Of Functions.

Systems of the Human Body:

• A system is a group of organs performing a specific function.

• Our body contains the main 11 systems that are interconnected and dependent on one another.

1. Integumentary System.

2. Skeletal System.

3. Lymphatic System.

4. Digestive System

5. Respiratory System.

6. Muscular System.

7. Nervous System.

8. Cardiovascular System.

9. Endocrine System.

10. Urinary System.

11. Reproductive System.

1. Integumentary System:

• Organs:

• Skin

• Subcutaneous tissue.

• Hair

• Nails

• Sweat Glands.

• Sebaceous Glands.

• Functions:

• Protection: Is a barrier to pathogens and chemicals.

•  Prevents excessive water loss.

• Helps maintain normal body temperature.

• Excretion.

2) Skeletal System.:

• Organs:

• Bones

• Ligaments.

• Functions:

• Supports the body 

• Protects internal organs and red bone marrow 

• Provides a framework to be moved by muscles.

3) Lymphatic System.

• Organs:

• Spleen, 

• Lymph nodes

• Lymph Vessels.

• Thymus

• Tonsils.

• Functions:

• Returns tissue fluid to the blood 

• Destroys pathogens that enter the body and provides immunity

• Transports lipids from GIT to blood.

4) Digestive System

• Organs:

• Mouth,

• Pharynx,

• Oesophagus,

• Stomach, 

• Small intestine,

• Colon, 

• Liver, 

• Gallbladder,

• Pancreas,

• Salivary Glands.

• Functions:

• Changes food to simple chemicals that can be absorbed and used by the body.

• Elimination of solid waste.

5) Respiratory System:

• Organs:

• Nose,

• Pharynx,

• Larynx,

• Trachea,

• Bronchi,

• Lungs,

• Diaphragm.

• Functions:

• Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and blood.

• Regulate acid base balance of body fluids.

• Sound production through vocal cord.

6) Muscular System:

• Organs:

• Muscles, 

• Tendons.

• Functions:

• Moves the skeleton .

• Produces heat.

• Heat generation.

7) Nervous System: 

• Organs:

• Brain,

• Spinal cord,

• Nerves.

• Functions:

• Interprets sensory information,

• Regulates body functions such as movement by means of electrochemical impulses.

• Maintains homeostasis (Keeps everything normal: All is Well).

8) Cardiovascular System: 

• Organs:

• Heart,

• Blood Vessels.

• Functions:

•  Transports oxygen and nutrients to tissues and removes waste products.

• Blood as Transport system of the body.

• Defense.

• Acid Base, Temperature and water content balance of the body.

9) Endocrine System:

• Organs:

• Pituitary Gland.

• Thyroid Gland.

• Adrenal Gland,

• Gonads: Testes, Ovaries

• Pineal Gland.

• Functions:

•  Regulates body functions such as growth and reproduction by means of hormones 

• Regulates day-to-day metabolism by means of hormones.

10) Urinary System.:

• Organs:

• |Kidneys, 

• Urinary bladder, 

• Urethra.

• Functions:

• Removes waste products from the blood.

• Regulates volume and pH of blood and tissue fluid.

• Maintains mineral balance of the body.

• Forms, stores and eliminates urine.

11) Reproductive System:

• Organs:

• Female: Ovaries, Uterus, Vagina,.

• Male: Testes, Vas deferens, Penis , Prostate gland, Seminal Vesicles.

• Functions:

• Produces eggs or sperm.

• In women, provides a site for the developing embryo-fetus.

• Produces sex hormones.

Commonly Asked Questions:

1. Write in short about different systems of human body.