Skip to main content

Renin Angiotensin Mechanism.

Sperm

 

  • Male sex gamete is called “Sperm”.

  • It is haploid i.e. contains one set of chromosomes 23 chromosomes.

  • The process of formation of sperms is called “Spermatogenesis”.

  • Spermatogenesis takes place in seminiferous tubules of the testes.

  • Around 300 Million sperms are produced every day in an adult male.

  • They are stored and get matured in epididymis and are pushed in vas deferens during ejaculation.

  • They can survive upto 2 days in the female reproductive tract.

  • Length of a typical human sperm is about 70 µm.

  • Structurally they consist of following parts,

    1. Head.

    2. Neck.

    3. Mid piece (Body).

    4. Tail.

  1. Head:

    • It is 4-5 µm long.

    • It contains Acrosome, a specialized lysosome in vesicles and Nucleus.

    • It also contains an enzyme necessary for fusion of nucleus with that of ovum after penetration.

  2. Neck:

    • It's a smaller part and contains “Centriole”.

  3. Mid piece (Body):

    • The body contains many mitochondria which generate ATPs required for sperm movement.

  4. Tail:

    • It is a modified cilium that facilitates sperm movements.

Commonly Asked Question.

  1. Write a short note on Human Sperm.

  2. Draw a well labelled diagram of Human Sperm.

Labels:

Popular posts from this blog

Heat Exchangers and Heat Interchangers.

  In pharmaceutical industries many types of equipments are used for transfer of heat, they can be classified as follows, Heat Exchangers. Heat Interchangers. Heat Exchangers: These devices are used for transferring heat from a fluid (Hot Gas or Steam) to another fluid (Liquid) through a metal wall. Heat Interchangers: These devices are used for transferring heat from a One liquid to another liquid or one gas to another gas through a metal wall. HEAT EXCHANGERS; The equipment used for heat transferring are known as heat exchangers. Some of the processes that involves heat transfer in pharmaceutical industries are: Preparation of starch paste (in steam jacketed kettle). Crystallization. Evaporation. Distillation.  Classification of heat exchangers On the basis of transfer of heat, heat exchangers are classified as: Direct transfer type:  The hot and cold fluids are separated by a metal wall through which the heat is transferred from hot fluid to cold fluid. E.g. shell and ...
Read more

Rate of Drying Curve.

  Definition Drying is defined as the removal of liquid from a product usually with application of heat. Rate of Drying Curve. Drying process can be divided into three periods Initial Adjustment Period. Constant drying rate period. First falling drying rate period. Second falling rate period. Initial Adjustment Period (A-B): Also called the “ Heating up” period . In this period the substance gets heat and increases in temperature. Drying has not yet started. Constant drying rate period (B-C): During this period the temperature of the solid and the rate of drying remain constant. The moisture evaporating from the surface is replaced by water diffusing from the interior of the solid at a rate equal t o the rate of evaporation.  The moisture content at the end of constant rate (point C) is referred to as the critical moisture content (CMC).  At CMC, dry spots start appearing and drying rate starts falling . First falling drying rate period (C-D): This period is also called ...
Read more

Flash Distillation.

  Principle: When a hot mixture is allowed to enter from a high-pressure zone into a low pressure zone, the entire liquid mixture is suddenly vaporized. This process is known as flash vaporization .  During this process, the chamber is cooled.  The less volatile fraction is condensed and the more volatile component remains in the vapor phase .  This process requires time, hence liquid and vapor are kept in intimate contact until equilibrium is achieved. Flash distillation is also called equilibrium distillation because separation of two liquids takes place when liquid and vapor phases are at equilibrium. Equipment used for Flash Distillation: Construction: It consists of a pump, which is connected to a feed reservoir.  Pumps help in pumping the feed into the heating chamber.  The heating chamber is heat supplied by steam.  The other end of the pipe is directly introduced into the vapor-liquid separator through a reducing valve.  The vapor outlet...
Read more