Definition:
Carbohydrates are hydrates of carbon, which on hydrolysis produce polyhydroxy aldehydes or polyhydroxy ketones.
Biological Role of Carbohydrates:
Carbohydrates are the chief energy source in many animals; they are an instant source of energy.
Glucose is broken down by glycolysis/ krebs cycle to yield ATP.
Glucose is the source of storage of energy. It is stored as glycogen in animals and starch in plants.
Stored carbohydrates act as an energy source instead of proteins.
Carbohydrates are intermediates in biosynthesis of fats and proteins.
Carbohydrates aid in regulation of nerve tissue and are the energy source for the brain.
Carbohydrates get associated with lipids and proteins to form surface antigens, receptor molecules, vitamins and antibiotics.
They form structural and protective components, like in the cell wall of plants and microorganisms.
In animals they are an important constituent of connective tissues.
They participate in biological transport, cell-cell communication and activation of growth factors.
Carbohydrates that are rich in fiber content help to prevent constipation.
Also they help in modulation of the immune system.
Commonly Asked Questions.
Define Carbohydrates and give their biological importance.