Takes place in cytoplasm.
Messenger RNA (mRNA) brings instructions for making ONE protein from the nucleus to the ribosome.
The mRNA binds with a small ribosomal unit.
This binding initiates binding of a large ribosomal unit with the small ribosome unit-mRNA complex to form an assembly line for protein production.
The large Ribosomal unit has three binding sites
A: Attachment site.
P: Pairing Site.
E: Exit site.
The completion of small ribosomal unit-mRNA- large ribosome unit complex activates movement of tRNA.
Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules bring amino acids from the cytosol into the ribosome to build the protein.
Different types of tRNA bring different types of amino acids to the ribosome.
Different types of tRNA also have different 3 base anticodon sequences that bond to mRNA “codons”.
The codon-anticodon binding takes place at the attachment site.
The start codon is the first codon of a messenger RNA. It is always AUG which stands for amino acid Methionine.
tRNA’s will only bond to mRNA where the mRNA codon complements the tRNA anticodon.
Molecules in the ribosome covalently bond adjacent amino acids together to form the protein chain at the P site.
The empty tRNA molecule leaves the complex at E site to bind with another amino acid.
As the process continues, the length of amino acids grows.
When the mRNA stop codon appears in the ribosome, the complete protein chain is released and the small ribosomal unit-mRNA- large ribosome unit complex gets separated.
Commonly Asked Questions.
Write a short note on “Protein Synthesis”.
Write a note on “translation”.